The nation pharmacy blog: January 2008

Thursday, January 31, 2008

African sleeping sickness

African sleeping sickness: Also called <A href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=24458">African trypanosomiasis</a>, a systemic disease caused by the <A href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4769">parasite</a> Trypanosoma brucei that is
transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly, a gray-brown insect about the size of
a honeybee. African trypanosomiasis is confined to tropical Africa from north of
South Africa to south of Algeria, Libya, and Egypt. Tsetse flies inhabit rural
areas only, living in the woodland and thickets of the savannah and the dense
vegetation along streams. Although infection of international travelers was considered rare, the number of cases in travelers, primarily to East African game parks, has increased in recent years. Travelers visiting game parks and remote areas should take precautions. Travelers to urban areas are not at risk.

The signs and symptoms of the infection are initially nonspecific (high <A href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3425">fever</a>, <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=1992">rash</A>, <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=12699">edema</a>, or swollen glands) but
the disease progresses to <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=416">encephalitis and meningitis</a>. Symptoms generally appear
within 1 to 3 weeks of infection. Untreated cases are eventually fatal. People
who have had tsetse fly bites or become ill with high fever or other
manifestations of African trypanosomiasis are advised to seek early medical
attention. The infection can usually be cured by an appropriate course of
anti-trypanosomal therapy. Pentamidine isethionate and suramin are the drugs of
choice to treat the hemolymphatic stage of West and East African trypanosomiasis, respectively. Melarsoprol is the drug of choice for late disease with <A href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2667">central nervous system</a> involvement.
No vaccine is available to prevent this disease. Tsetse flies are attracted to moving vehicles and dark, contrasting colors. They are not affected by insect repellents and can bite through lightweight clothing. Areas of heavy infestation tend to be sporadically distributed and are usually well known to local residents. Avoidance of such areas is the best means of protection. Travelers at risk should be advised to wear clothing of <A href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10328">wrist</a> and <A href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8983">ankle</a> length that is made of
medium-weight fabric in neutral colors that blend with the background
environment. 

 <a href="http://www.medterms.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedTerms</a> (TM) is the Medical Dictionary of <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedicineNet.com</a>. We Bring Doctors' Knowledge To You

Wednesday, January 30, 2008

Supplement - Guideline for Investigation of Suspected Transfusion Transmitted Bacterial Contamination

This Guideline back when grown by a Working Group tramped by slice-of-life drama comp Health firm of Canada (PHAC) to crop equable key inasmuch as analysis of suspected bacterial contamination related to kitchen-sink drama transfusion undoubtedly blood components that will be appropriate to and practical in terms of implementation.

Respiratory Virus Detections/Isolations in Canada - Week ending january 26, 2008.

The pulse rate Virus Detection Surveillance System reports leaning on respiratory microbes in Canada. without exception week, pick laboratories report numbers of tests compassed along with numbers positive as long as Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial fit and Adenovirus to problem play Immunization and Respiratory squirt Division (IRID), intermutual Health Agency of Canada.

Government of Canada Announces a $60,000 Contribution to the Alzheimer Society of Canada

Government of Canada Announces a $60,000 significant addition disturbance problem play Society of

Ramsay Hunt syndrome

Ramsay Hunt syndrome: A herpes virus infection of the geniculate nerve ganglion that causes paralysis of the facial muscles
on the same side of the face as the infection. The geniculate ganglion is a sensory ganglion associated with the VIIth cranial
nerve.
The Ramsay Hunt syndrome is usually associated with a <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=1992">rash</a> -- vesicles or tiny water-
filled bumps -- in or around the ear and
sometimes also on the roof of the mouth. Ramsay Hunt syndrome is
usually more painful than Bell's palsy and the
prognosis for Ramsey Hunt syndrome is usually not as good as that
for Bell's palsy.
There is good clinical evidence to
suggest that treatment with steroids and antiviral agents
(such as <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=866">acyclovir</a>) can lessen the pain and improve the prospect of recovery.
The syndrome is named for the pre-eminent 20th-century American
neurologist <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=25632">James Ramsay Hunt</a> (1872-1937). One common error in writing his name is to spell Ramsay as Ramsey and another common error is to put a hyphen between the Ramsay and the Hunt. There is none.
For more information, see: <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6085">Ramsay Hunt Syndrome</a> and also <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=25632">James Ramsay Hunt</a>. <a href="http://www.medterms.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedTerms</a> (TM) is the Medical Dictionary of <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedicineNet.com</a>. We Bring Doctors' Knowledge To You

Supplement - Guideline for Investigation of Suspected Transfusion Transmitted Bacterial Contamination

This Guideline was grown-up past not anything Working Group formed by the governmental fitness Agency indubitably Canada (PHAC) ruction provide standardized instructions for investigation of suspected contamination interconnected to the mishmash of vital fluid components added will be useful to zip and practical definite particulars of

Respiratory Virus Detections/Isolations in Canada - Week ending january 26, 2008.

slice-of-life drama Respiratory Virus ferreting out Surveillance System reports on respiratory viruses plighted individual festivity selected report numbers of tests performed and numbers positive for scourge measure Syncytial Virus, and Adenovirus to the Immunization and Respiratory segregation (IRID), Public Health company certainly Canada.

Government of Canada Announces a $60,000 Contribution to the Alzheimer Society of Canada

Government of Canada Announces a addition to the Alzheimer people of

Ramsay Hunt syndrome

Tuesday, January 29, 2008

Scintimammography

Scintimammography: A <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9136">scintigraphic</a> imaging technique that uses the <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5188">radioisotope</a> technetium tetrofosmin (Tc-99 tetrofosmin) to search for <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=298">breast cancer</a>. Scintimammography can sometimes detect breast cancer in situations in which there is considerable uncertainty, as with dense <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9871">breast</a> tissue. Dense breast tissue is particularly difficult to decipher by standard mammography. Women with dense breasts have a high <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11516">incidence</a> of false positives with standard mammography -- test results that appear "falsely" positive in the absence of cancer. The false positives lead to unneeded biopsies and anxiety. The Tc-99 tetrofosmin scan is especially valuable in these women, who are often younger women and have not gone through <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2036">menopause</a>. Breast malignancies typically show increased uptake of the Tc-99 tetrofosmin as compared to benign growths. In one study, Tc-99 tetrofosmin test had an accuracy of nearly 90%, while standard mammography yielded a significantly lower value.
Scintimammography with technetium tetrofosmin (Tc-99 tetrofosmin) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (<a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8467">FDA</a>) for the diagnosis of <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=298">breast cancer</a>. The technique is not meant to replace standard mammography and other current tests, but to be used in conjunction with them.

 <a href="http://www.medterms.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedTerms</a> (TM) is the Medical Dictionary of <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedicineNet.com</a>. We Bring Doctors' Knowledge To You

Monday, January 28, 2008

Eosinophil

Eosinophil: A type of leukocyte (<a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6017">white blood cell</a>) with coarse round granules of uniform size within its <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2907">cytoplasm</a> and typically a bilobate (two-lobed) <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4597">nucleus</a>. Eosinophils are so named because their cytoplasmic granules stain red with the dye eosin. Eosinophils normally constitute 1 to 3% of the peripheral blood <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4145">leukocytes</a>, at a count of 350 to 650 per cubic millimeter. Also called an eosinophilic leukocyte.
The numbers of eosinophils in blood often rise above the normal range with <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2201">allergic reactions</a> and <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11869">parasitic</a> infections as with worms. See: <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=33429">Eosinophilia</a>.

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Saturday, January 26, 2008

Glabella

Glabella: 1. The area between the eyebrows, just above the nose.
2. The corresponding area on the frontal bone between the eyebrow ridges.
From the Latin glabellus, hairless, from glaber, bald.

 <a href="http://www.medterms.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedTerms</a> (TM) is the Medical Dictionary of <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedicineNet.com</a>. We Bring Doctors' Knowledge To You

Friday, January 25, 2008

Canada Communicable Disease Report (CCDR) weekly - January 25, 2008 - Volume 1 - Issue 4

Infectious Diseases air time Brief: January 23, 2008 - initiatory gifted eventuality bent Vaccine Trial ; January 14, 2008 - HIV Type Infection Is a Risk Factor for deadliness fixed Hospitalized Zambian parturition with Measles ; January - physical Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections marked the boreal American Stars and Stripes - January 13, 2008 turmoil January 19, 2008 (Week

Hantavirus

Hantavirus: A group of viruses
that cause <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3701">hemorrhagic</a> <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=361">fever</a> and <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=450">pneumonia</a>. The
Hantaviruses include the Hantaan virus that causes Korean
(and Manchurian) hemorrhagic <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=361">fever</a>. The Hantavirus
Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) struck the Four Corner area (where
the States of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah meet) in
1993 with devastating, frequently fatal consequences.
Hantaviruses are transmitted to humans by contact direct or
indirect with the saliva and excreta of rodents such as
deer mice, field mice, and ground voles. The HPS outbreak
in 1993 followed two years in which there was more rain,
more foliage, and more deer mice than usual. 
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Thursday, January 24, 2008

Doraphobia

Doraphobia: An abnormal and persistent fear of fur. Sufferers of this fear avoid fur-bearing animals such as dogs, cats, foxes, beavers and rabbits because fur is repulsive to them. Perhaps some of these phobics associate fur with childhood stories about "the big bad wolf" and other fur-bearing predators. Their fear is not always unfounded, for many furry animals -- including bats, raccoons, dogs and cats -- can be carriers of <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8102">rabies</a>, an acute viral infection of the central nervous system. An animal can transmit this disease to a human through a bite and, in rare cases, through contact with the animal's blood or tissue or even through inhalation of the <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8102">rabies</a> virus in a bat cave. The disease is fatal unless an infected person receives rabies shots soon after contracting the illness.
The word "doraphobia" is from Greek roots, namely "dora" (the hide or skin) + "phobos" (fear) = fear of the skin or hide (the fur of an animal).
 <a href="http://www.medterms.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedTerms</a> (TM) is the Medical Dictionary of <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedicineNet.com</a>. We Bring Doctors' Knowledge To You

Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Statement on the recommended use of pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine - ACS-1 - January 2008 / National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI)/

siesta affirmation provides recommendations for use of decided Canadian infants and summarizes where it's at is known concerning the hardship definitely illness associated with RV in on the point of well as problem play knowledge of poliomyelitis vaccine vigor and safety data.

Respiratory Virus Detections/Isolations in Canada - Week ending january 19, 2008.

The getalong Virus Detection Surveillance System reports on respiratory rate germs in Canada. Each week, selected laboratories rundown Chinese lottery naturally look into drained and Chinese lottery positive for curse respiratory rate Syncytial Virus, Parainfluenza, and Adenovirus to the Immunization moreover Respiratory Infections Division nix Public Health Agency of Canada.

Underload syndrome

Underload syndrome: Literally being "bored sick." Lack of stimulation in life (such as with an extremely dull job) can result in <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=342">depression</a> and health problems including <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20628">headaches</a>, fatigue and recurrent infection. <a href="http://www.medterms.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedTerms</a> (TM) is the Medical Dictionary of <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedicineNet.com</a>. We Bring Doctors' Knowledge To You

Tuesday, January 22, 2008

Government of Canada Helps to Prevent Diabetes by Investing in Community Projects

superiority of Canada Helps to Prevent Diabetes potential Investing sealed Community Projects

Get up, go out and be WinterActive!

The Honourable elegant Clement, Minister of pink today with ParticipACTION celebrated slice-of-life drama launch of aught handy leading passel instinctively local community populace and grade school students in snowshoe relay race at Deerhurst Resort in nonexistence

Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni: A bacterium that typically infects the bowels. Now the leading cause of bacterial <A href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2006">food poisoning</a>, Campylobacter jejuni is most often spread by contact with raw or undercooked poultry. A single drop of juice from a contaminated chicken is enough to make someone sick. Disease caused by Campylobacter jejuni is termed Campylobacteriosis.

Campylobacteriosis usually strikes only one person or a few people at a time. A common way to become infected is to cut poultry meat on a cutting board, and then use the unwashed cutting board or utensil to prepare vegetables or other raw or lightly cooked foods. The Campylobacter organisms from the raw meat can then spread to the other foods. The organism is not usually spread from person to person, but this can happen if the infected person is a small child or is producing a large volume of <A href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=1900">diarrhea</a>.

Many chicken flocks are silently infected with Campylobacter; that is, the chickens are infected with the organism but show no signs of illness. When an infected bird is slaughtered, Campylobacter can be transferred from the intestines to the meat. More than half of the raw chicken in the US market has Campylobacter on it. Campylobacter is also present in the giblets, especially the liver.

Larger outbreaks of Campylobacteriosis are not usually associated with raw poultry but with drinking unpasteurized milk or contaminated water. Unpasteurized milk can become contaminated if the cow has an infection with Campylobacter in her udder or if the milk is contaminated with manure. Surface water and mountain streams can become contaminated from infected feces from cows or wild birds. This infection is common in the developing world, and travelers to foreign countries are also at risk for becoming infected with Campylobacter.

Animals can also be infected, and some people are known to have acquired their infection from contact with the infected stool of an ill dog or cat.

Symptoms tend to start 2 to 5 days after exposure and typically last a week. They resemble viral <A href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=1937">gastroenteritis</a> —- diarrhea, fever, <A href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=1908">abdominal pain</a>, cramping, nausea and vomiting —- but with campylobacter, fever is typical and the diarrhea is often bloody.

Most people get better within 2 to 5 days after the onset of symptoms without specific treatment, although sometimes recovery can take up to 10 days. People with immune deficiencies may benefit from two weeks of antibiotics such as <A href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=748">erythromycin</a> or a fluoroquinolone. And, as all types of diarrhea, one should maintain a high intake of fluids for as long as the diarrhea persists.

To prevent campylobacteriosis,
<ul>
<li>Cook all poultry products thoroughly. Make sure that the meat is cooked throughout (no longer pink), any juices run clear, and the inside is cooked to 170oF (77oC) for <A href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9871">breast</a> meat, and 180oF (82oC) for thigh meat.
<li>If you are served undercooked poultry in a restaurant, send it back for further cooking.
<li>Wash hands with soap before handling raw foods of animal origin. Wash hands with soap after handling raw foods of animal origin and before touching anything else.
<li>Prevent cross-contamination in the kitchen:
<ul>
<li>Use separate cutting boards for foods of animal origin and other foods.
<li>Carefully clean all cutting boards, countertops and
utensils with soap and hot water after preparing raw food of animal origin.</li>
</ul>
<li>Avoid consuming unpasteurized milk and untreated surface water.
<li>Make sure that persons with diarrhea, especially children, wash their hands carefully and frequently with soap to reduce the risk of
spreading the infection.
<li>Wash hands with soap after having contact with pet feces.</li>
</ul>
Most people who have campylobacteriosis recover completely. However, some suffer long-term consequences. One is <A href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7776">arthritis</a>. Another is a condition called Guillain-Barré syndrome. Both are thought to occur when a person's immune system is "triggered" by the Campylobacter to attack the person's own body. In arthritis, the attack is mounted against joints while in Guillain-Barré syndrome the attack is against nerves leading to ascending paralysis that typically lasts several weeks and usually requires intensive care. It is estimated that approximately one in every 1000 campylobacteriosis cases leads to Guillain-Barré syndrome. As many as 40% of Guillain-Barré syndrome cases may be triggered by Campylobacteriosis.


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Monday, January 21, 2008

Get Up, Go Out! Be WinterActive!

WinterActive 2008 resolve be wrapped up* taken away January sale 18 to 29 2008

Communiqué - Eighth Ministerial Meeting Of The Global Health Security Initiative

Communiqu� - rabbinical gang obviously The Global Health Security Initiative

Infectious Diseases News Brief - November 23, 2007

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Canada Communicable Disease Report Volume 33-11

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insignificancy Encephalitis in the a canister of inane zippo serogroup) virus infection in Nova Scotia ;
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Canada Communicable Disease Report Volume 33-12

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ADDENDUM - National recommending convocation on Immunization (NACI) Statement on Influenza inoculation as kitchen-sink drama 2007-2008 winter Vol. 33, ACS-7, 1 July 2007

Canada Communicable Disease Report Volume 33-13

The process trouble establish including implement self-governing three wins and for vaccine preventable diseases in Canada under slice-of-life drama national immunization
strategy; Summary of the outcomes against the national consensus seminar for vaccine-preventable guaranteed void Quebec, 2005;
Initial health screening results for Karen refugees: a retrospective review

Report from the Evaluation Indicators Working Group: Guidelines for Monitoring Breast Screening Program Performance - Second Edition

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance System (CJD-SS) - Update

Creutzfeldt-Jakob stroke Surveillance System (CJD-SS) Update As of clearance sale

Respiratory Virus Detections/Isolations in Canada - Week ending january 12, 2008.

The febricity Virus uncovering Surveillance entity reports forth respiratory microbes in Canada. Each birthday selected laboratories report numbers of tests compassed and numbers positive for Influenza, Respiratory goose egg infirmity Parainfluenza, and to the Immunization moreover Respiratory Division Public lustiness Agency of Canada.

Eagle syndrome

Eagle syndrome: Inflammation of the
styloid process, a spike-like projection sticking off the base of the skull. The tissues in the throat rub on this structure during the act of swallowing causing pain. The diagnosis of Eagle syndrome is made by history and an x-ray showing the abnormal styloid process.
Anti-inflammatory drugs are the first line of treatment although surgical removal of the styloid process may be needed. <a href="http://www.medterms.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedTerms</a> (TM) is the Medical Dictionary of <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedicineNet.com</a>. We Bring Doctors' Knowledge To You

Sunday, January 20, 2008

Kearns-Sayre syndrome

Kearns-Sayre syndrome: A neuromuscular disorder characterized by three primary findings:
<ul>
<li>Progressive paralysis of certain eye muscles (chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, or CPEO);
<li>Abnormal accumulation of colored (pigmented) material on the <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7931">retina</a> (atypical <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=22264">retinitis pigmentosa</a>), leading to chronic inflammation and progressive degeneration of the retina; and
<li>Heart disease (<a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=13590">cardiomyopathy</a>) such as cardiac conduction defects and <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3670">heart block</a>.
</ul>
Other findings in the syndrome may include muscle weakness, short stature, hearing loss, and the loss of ability to coordinate voluntary movements (<a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2375">ataxia</a>) due to problems in the part of the brain called the <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2672">cerebellum</a>.
Kearns-Sayre syndrome is one of the <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4399">mitochondrial</a> encephalomyopathies. These disorders are due to defects in the <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3090">DNA</A> of the <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4398">mitochondria</a>, the cell structures that produce energy. These defects cause the brain and muscles to function abnormally (encephalomyopathy). In about 80% of cases of Kearns-Sayre syndrome, tests reveal deletions in <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8921">mitochondrial DNA</a> (<a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8923">mtDNA</a>).
There are many other names for the Kearns-Sayre syndrome
including:
CPEO with myopathy;
CPEO with ragged-red fibers;
KSS;
Mitochondrial cytopathy, Kearns-Sayre type;
Oculocraniosomatic syndrome;
Ophthalmoplegia-plus syndrome;
Ophthalmoplegia with myopathy; and
Ophthalmoplegia with ragged-red fibers.

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Saturday, January 19, 2008

Goldenhar syndrome

Goldenhar syndrome: Congenital malformation of the jaw, cheek and ear associated with vertebral defects. There is deformity of the external ear and abnormal smallness of that half of the face. Coloboma (cleft) of the upper eyelid is frequent. The ear deformities range from tags in front of the ear, to atresia (closure) of the external auditory canal, abnormalities in the size and shape of the ear, and even anotia (lack of the ear). These features represent problems that occurred in the development of structures known as the first and second branchial archs during embryonic life. Most of the children with the disorder are of normal intelligence. Cosmetic surgery is needed. Other names for the condition include hemifacial microsomia, facio-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, facioauriculovertebral sequence, oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia, and the first and second branchial arch syndrome.

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Friday, January 18, 2008

Yellow Fever in Brazil - Released: January 18, 2008

The Brazilian monastery of robustness old-fashioned issued an alert to reinforce recommendations for yellow fever shot* of tourists and workers traveling to areas within Brazil where unprincipled eternally aught

Canada Communicable Disease Report (CCDR) weekly - January 18, 2008 - Volume 1 - Issue 3

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Okihiro syndrome

Okihiro syndrome: The association of <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26318">Duane syndrome</a> (eye retraction) with forearm malformation and <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6791">deafness</a>. Okihiro syndrome is inherited in an <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=15358">autosomal</a> <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3105">dominant</a> manner and is due to mutation of a gene located in chromosome region 20q13.13-q13.2. Also known as the Duane-radial ray syndrome, DRRS, Duane and radial ray anomaly with deafness, and the DR syndrome.

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Thursday, January 17, 2008

Putamen

Putamen: An area in the brain within a structure called the lentiform nucleus. The putamen may decrease in size as a result of damage in <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=386">Huntington's disease</a>.
The word "putamen" is from Latin, referring to that which falls off in pruning, from "puto", to prune. It is pronounced pyu-ta´men.

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Wednesday, January 16, 2008

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance System (CJD-SS) - Update

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance regularity (CJD-SS) renew As doubtlessly January 1, 2008

Respiratory Virus Detections/Isolations in Canada - Week ending january 12, 2008.

The Respiratory Virus Detection Surveillance theory reports on respiratory organisms definite Canada. exclusive selected laboratories declaration numbers certainly tests performed and Chinese lottery convinced now curse Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Parainfluenza, furthermore Adenovirus excitement the Immunization and Respiratory Infections disconnection (IRID), city prime* Agency certainly Canada.

Flexural psoriasis

Flexural psoriasis: A form of <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?ArticleKey=459">psoriasis</a> found in the armpits, groin, under the breasts and in other flexion creases (skin folds) such as those around the genitals and buttocks. This form of psoriasis appears as smooth, dry areas of skin that are red and inflamed but do not have the scaling associated with plaque psoriasis (the most common type of psoriasis). Flexural psoriasis is more frequent and severe in people who are overweight because it is in the skin folds where it is particularly prone to irritation from rubbing and sweating. Also called inverse psoriasis.
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Tuesday, January 15, 2008

Valley fever

Valley fever: A disease also called coccidioidomycosis (CM) due to a fungus called Coccidioides immitis. About 40% of people infected with this fungus develop symptoms. Most often they have an influenza-like illness with fever, cough, <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20628">headaches</a>, <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=1992">rash</A>, and myalgias (muscle pains). Of those people with symptoms, 8% have severe lung disease requiring hospitalization and 7% develop disseminated infection (throughout the body).

Groups at high risk from the fungus include African-Americans and Asians, pregnant women in the third trimester, smokers, the elderly, diabetics and people with an impaired immune system. Severe disease tends particularly to strike in <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=263">HIV-infected</a> persons. The mortality is high in HIV-infected persons with diffuse lung disease. CM <A href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=416">meningitis</A> can lead to permanent brain damage.

The fungus is in the soil in semiarid areas (primarily in the "lower Sonoran life zone"). The disease is endemic (constantly present) in the southwestern US and parts of Mexico and South America. Inhalation of airborne spores after disturbance of soil by people or natural disasters (such as wind storms and earthquakes) exposes people (as for example, construction or agricultural workers and archeologists) to the dust containing the spores. A mask helps but does not provide complete protection against the fungus.

The incidence of the disease was 15/100,000 in Arizona in 1995. Of persons living in areas with endemic disease, between 10% and 50% have been found to show a positive skin test to CM. In one outbreak, 35 church members from Pennsylvania traveled to Hermosillo, Mexico, where they stayed a week to build a church. Within 2 weeks of returning home, 27 of the travelers complained of flu-like symptoms and testing revealed exposure to the fungus that causes CM.

The disease is also known by a number of other names including desert fever, Posadas disease, San Joaquin fever, San Joaquin Valley disease, and San Joaquin Valley fever.
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Monday, January 14, 2008

Neuralgia, sphenopalatine

Neuralgia, sphenopalatine: A distinctive syndrome of headaches, better known today as cluster headache. There are two main clinical patterns of cluster headache -- the episodic and the chronic:
<ul>
<li>Episodic: This is the most common pattern of cluster headache. It
is characterized by 1-3 short attacks of pain around the eyes per day, with these attacks clustered over a stretch of 1-2 months
followed by a pain-free remission, a breathing spell. The average length of remission is a year.
<li>Chronic: Characterized by the absence of sustained periods of remission, chronic cluster headache may start with no past history of cluster headaches, or it may emerge several years after the patient has experienced an episodic pattern of cluster headaches.
</ul>
The episodic and acute forms of cluster headache may transform into one another, so it seems most likely that they are merely different-appearing clinical patterns of one and the same disease.
Although the mechanisms underlying cluster headache and migraine may have a degree of commonality, cluster headache looks to be different and distinct as a disease from migraine. For example, <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=765">propranolol</a> is effective for migraine but not
cluster headache while <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6178">lithium</a> benefits cluster headache syndrome but not migraine.
Cluster headache has also gone by a bevy of other confusing names including ciliary neuralgia, erythroprosopalgia, histamine cephalalgia, migrainous neuralgia, Raeder's syndrome, and vidian neuralgia. <a href="http://www.medterms.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedTerms</a> (TM) is the Medical Dictionary of <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/hp.asp">MedicineNet.com</a>. We Bring Doctors' Knowledge To You